documents/docs/networking/commands/protocol-document.md

@@ -453,4 +453,64 @@ GET_NEXT_MESSAGE
 +OK
 TYPE=GLOBAL GAME=-1 USER=player1 TARGET=null TIME=9:30 TEXT="Guten Tag"
 END
+```
+
+### Example Response (success)
+
+```
++OK
+END
+```
+
+## JOIN_LOBBY command
+
+The `JOIN_LOBBY` command requests the server to add the currently logged-in user to the lobby with the given identifier. The server resolves the username from the session; clients must only provide the `ID` parameter.
+
+### Required pre-execution checks
+
+- [`UserLoggedInCheck`](#userloggedincheck)
+
+### Request Parameters
+
+| Parameter Name | Type | Optional | Description |
+| :------------- | :--- | :------: | :---------- |
+| `ID` | `int` | no | Numeric id of the target lobby |
+
+### Implementation notes
+
+- Parser: `JoinLobbyParser` — reads the `ID` parameter and builds `JoinLobbyRequest`.
+- Handler: `JoinLobbyHandler` — resolves the username from `UserRegistry` using the session id, attempts to add the user to the lobby via `LobbyManager.addPlayerToLobby(...)` and returns appropriate responses.
+
+### Success Response
+
+No additional response fields. The server replies with a simple `+OK` on success.
+
+### Error Response
+
+| Code | Description |
+| :--- | :---------- |
+| `USER_NOT_LOGGED_IN` | No user associated with the session (pre-execution check failed) |
+| `LOBBY_NOT_FOUND` | The specified lobby id does not exist |
+| `LOBBY_FULL_OR_ALREADY_IN` | Lobby is full or the user is already in the lobby |
+
+### Example Request
+
+```
+JOIN_LOBBY ID=1
+```
+
+### Example Response (success)
+
+```
++OK
+END
+```
+
+### Example Response (error)
+
+```
+-ERR
+  CODE=LOBBY_NOT_FOUND
+  MESSAGE=Lobby not found
+END
 ```

src/main/java/ch/unibas/dmi/dbis/cs108/casono/server/ServerApp.java

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.app.commands.ping.PingRequest;
 import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.app.commands.send_message.SendMessageHandler;
 import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.app.commands.send_message.SendMessageParser;
 import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.app.commands.send_message.SendMessageRequest;
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.domain.lobby.LobbyManager;
 import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.domain.user.UserCleanupJob;
 import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.domain.user.UserRegistry;
 import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.network.NetworkManager;
@@ -85,7 +86,8 @@ public class ServerApp {
                 SESSION_DISCONNECT_JOB_PERIOD,
                 TimeUnit.SECONDS);
 
-        registerCommands(dispatcher, router, responseDispatcher, userRegistry);
+        LobbyManager lobbyManager = new LobbyManager();
+        registerCommands(dispatcher, router, responseDispatcher, userRegistry, lobbyManager);
 
         NetworkManager networkManager = new NetworkManager(port, sessionManager, router);
         networkManager.start();
@@ -102,7 +104,8 @@ public class ServerApp {
             CommandParserDispatcher parserDispatcher,
             CommandRouter commandRouter,
             ResponseDispatcher responseDispatcher,
-            UserRegistry userRegistry) {
+            UserRegistry userRegistry,
+            LobbyManager lobbyManager) {
         parserDispatcher.register("PING", new PingParser());
         commandRouter.register(PingRequest.class, new PingHandler(responseDispatcher));
 
@@ -136,5 +139,19 @@ public class ServerApp {
         parserDispatcher.register("LIST_USERS", new ListUsersParser());
         commandRouter.register(
                 ListUsersRequest.class, new ListUsersHandler(responseDispatcher, userRegistry));
+
+        // JOIN_LOBBY registration
+        parserDispatcher.register(
+                "JOIN_LOBBY",
+                new ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.app.commands.lobby.join_lobby
+                        .JoinLobbyParser());
+        commandRouter.register(
+                ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.app.commands.lobby.join_lobby
+                        .JoinLobbyRequest.class,
+                (ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.network.command.execution.CommandHandler<
+                                ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.app.commands.lobby.join_lobby
+                                        .JoinLobbyRequest>)
+                        new ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.app.commands.lobby.join_lobby
+                                .JoinLobbyHandler(responseDispatcher, lobbyManager, userRegistry));
     }
 }

src/main/java/ch/unibas/dmi/dbis/cs108/casono/server/app/commands/add_player/AddPlayerHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.app.commands.add_player;
+
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.domain.user.User;
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.domain.user.UserRegistry;
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.network.command.execution.CommandHandler;
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.network.protocol.response.ErrorResponse;
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.network.protocol.response.OkResponse;
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.network.protocol.response.dispatcher.ResponseDispatcher;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+/** Handler for the ADD_PLAYER command. */
+public class AddPlayerHandler extends CommandHandler<AddPlayerRequest> {
+    private final UserRegistry userRegistry;
+
+    public AddPlayerHandler(UserRegistry userRegistry, ResponseDispatcher responseDispatcher) {
+        super(responseDispatcher);
+        this.userRegistry = userRegistry;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void execute(AddPlayerRequest request) {
+        Optional<User> created =
+                userRegistry.registerIfAvailable(
+                        request.getName(), request.getContext().sessionId());
+        if (created.isEmpty()) {
+            responseDispatcher.dispatch(
+                    new ErrorResponse(request.getContext(), "NAME_TAKEN", "Name already taken"));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        responseDispatcher.dispatch(new OkResponse(request.getContext()));
+    }
+}

src/main/java/ch/unibas/dmi/dbis/cs108/casono/server/app/commands/add_player/AddPlayerParser.java

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.app.commands.add_player;
+
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.network.command.parsing.CommandParser;
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.network.protocol.request.PrimitiveRequest;
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.network.protocol.request.accessor.RequestParameterAccessor;
+
+/** Parser for the ADD_PLAYER command. */
+public class AddPlayerParser implements CommandParser<AddPlayerRequest> {
+    @Override
+    public AddPlayerRequest parse(PrimitiveRequest primitiveRequest) {
+        RequestParameterAccessor accessor =
+                new RequestParameterAccessor(primitiveRequest.parameters());
+
+        String name = accessor.require("NAME");
+
+        int chips = accessor.require("CHIPS", Integer::parseInt);
+
+        return new AddPlayerRequest(primitiveRequest.context(), name, chips);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/ch/unibas/dmi/dbis/cs108/casono/server/app/commands/add_player/AddPlayerRequest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+package ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.app.commands.add_player;
+
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.network.protocol.request.Request;
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.network.protocol.request.RequestContext;
+
+/** Request data for the ADD_PLAYER command. */
+public class AddPlayerRequest extends Request {
+    private final String name;
+    private final int chips;
+
+    public AddPlayerRequest(RequestContext context, String name, int chips) {
+        super(context);
+        this.name = name;
+        this.chips = chips;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public int getChips() {
+        return chips;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/ch/unibas/dmi/dbis/cs108/casono/server/app/commands/lobby/join_lobby/JoinLobbyHandler.java

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+package ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.app.commands.lobby.join_lobby;
+
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.app.checks.UserLoggedInCheck;
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.domain.lobby.LobbyId;
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.domain.lobby.LobbyManager;
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.domain.user.User;
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.domain.user.UserRegistry;
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.network.command.execution.CommandHandler;
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.network.protocol.response.ErrorResponse;
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.network.protocol.response.OkResponse;
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.network.protocol.response.dispatcher.ResponseDispatcher;
+
+/**
+ * Handler for the `JOIN_LOBBY` command.
+ *
+ * <p>Resolves the username from the session (requires {@link UserLoggedInCheck}), looks up the
+ * target lobby and attempts to add the user. On success an `+OK` response is dispatched; on failure
+ * an appropriate {@link ErrorResponse} with one of the error codes `LOBBY_NOT_FOUND`,
+ * `USER_NOT_LOGGED_IN` or `LOBBY_FULL_OR_ALREADY_IN` is returned.
+ */
+public class JoinLobbyHandler extends CommandHandler<JoinLobbyRequest> {
+    private final LobbyManager lobbyManager;
+    private final UserRegistry userRegistry;
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new {@link JoinLobbyHandler}.
+     *
+     * @param responseDispatcher dispatcher used to send responses back to the client
+     * @param lobbyManager manager providing lobby state and operations
+     * @param userRegistry registry to resolve session -> user mappings
+     */
+    public JoinLobbyHandler(
+            ResponseDispatcher responseDispatcher,
+            LobbyManager lobbyManager,
+            UserRegistry userRegistry) {
+        super(responseDispatcher);
+        this.lobbyManager = lobbyManager;
+        this.userRegistry = userRegistry;
+        addCheck(new UserLoggedInCheck(userRegistry));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Execute the join-lobby request.
+     *
+     * @param request the parsed {@link JoinLobbyRequest}
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void execute(JoinLobbyRequest request) {
+        LobbyId lid = LobbyId.of(request.getId());
+        var lobby = lobbyManager.getLobby(lid);
+        if (lobby == null) {
+            responseDispatcher.dispatch(
+                    new ErrorResponse(request.getContext(), "LOBBY_NOT_FOUND", "Lobby not found"));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        var maybeUser = userRegistry.getBySessionId(request.getContext().sessionId());
+        if (maybeUser.isEmpty()) {
+            // UserLoggedInCheck should normally prevent this; keep safe fallback
+            responseDispatcher.dispatch(
+                    new ErrorResponse(
+                            request.getContext(),
+                            "USER_NOT_LOGGED_IN",
+                            "No user associated with session"));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        User user = maybeUser.get();
+        String username = user.getName();
+
+        boolean ok = lobbyManager.addPlayerToLobby(username, lid);
+        if (!ok) {
+            responseDispatcher.dispatch(
+                    new ErrorResponse(
+                            request.getContext(),
+                            "LOBBY_FULL_OR_ALREADY_IN",
+                            "Lobby full or user already in lobby"));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        responseDispatcher.dispatch(new OkResponse(request.getContext()));
+    }
+}

src/main/java/ch/unibas/dmi/dbis/cs108/casono/server/app/commands/lobby/join_lobby/JoinLobbyParser.java

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.app.commands.lobby.join_lobby;
+
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.network.command.parsing.CommandParser;
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.network.protocol.request.PrimitiveRequest;
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.network.protocol.request.accessor.RequestParameterAccessor;
+
+/**
+ * Parser for the `JOIN_LOBBY` command.
+ *
+ * <p>Expected request parameters:
+ *
+ * <ul>
+ *   <li>`ID` (int) — numeric lobby identifier (required)
+ * </ul>
+ *
+ * <p>The parser builds a {@link JoinLobbyRequest} containing the parsed lobby id and the original
+ * request context.
+ */
+public class JoinLobbyParser implements CommandParser<JoinLobbyRequest> {
+    /**
+     * Parse the incoming primitive request into a {@link JoinLobbyRequest}.
+     *
+     * @param primitiveRequest the raw primitive request
+     * @return a {@link JoinLobbyRequest} with the parsed lobby id and context
+     */
+    @Override
+    public JoinLobbyRequest parse(PrimitiveRequest primitiveRequest) {
+        RequestParameterAccessor accessor =
+                new RequestParameterAccessor(primitiveRequest.parameters());
+        int id = accessor.require("ID", Integer::parseInt);
+        return new JoinLobbyRequest(primitiveRequest.context(), id);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/ch/unibas/dmi/dbis/cs108/casono/server/app/commands/lobby/join_lobby/JoinLobbyRequest.java

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+package ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.app.commands.lobby.join_lobby;
+
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.network.protocol.request.Request;
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.network.protocol.request.RequestContext;
+
+/**
+ * Request data for the `JOIN_LOBBY` command.
+ *
+ * <p>Contains the lobby id the client wants to join and inherits the {@link Request} contextual
+ * information.
+ */
+public class JoinLobbyRequest extends Request {
+    private final int id;
+
+    /**
+     * Create a new {@link JoinLobbyRequest}.
+     *
+     * @param context the request context
+     * @param id numeric lobby id to join
+     */
+    public JoinLobbyRequest(RequestContext context, int id) {
+        super(context);
+        this.id = id;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the lobby id requested by the client.
+     *
+     * @return numeric lobby id
+     */
+    public int getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+}

src/main/java/ch/unibas/dmi/dbis/cs108/casono/server/domain/lobby/Lobby.java

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+package ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.domain.lobby;
+
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.domain.game.GameController;
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.domain.game.engine.GameEngine;
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.domain.game.engine.RoundManager;
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.domain.game.engine.TurnManager;
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.domain.game.player.PlayerId;
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.domain.game.rules.RuleEngine;
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.domain.game.state.GameState;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
+import java.util.logging.Level;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+/** Represents a single lobby: id, name, players and an optional GameController. */
+public class Lobby {
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(Lobby.class.getName());
+
+    public enum AddResult {
+        NOT_ADDED,
+        ADDED,
+        ADDED_AND_STARTED
+    }
+
+    private final LobbyId id;
+    private final String name;
+    private final List<String> playerNames = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
+    private volatile GameController gameController;
+
+    public Lobby(LobbyId id, String name) {
+        this.id = id;
+        this.name = name;
+    }
+
+    public LobbyId getId() {
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    public String getName() {
+        return name;
+    }
+
+    public List<String> getPlayerNames() {
+        return List.copyOf(playerNames);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Try to add a player to this lobby.
+     *
+     * @return true if added, false if already present or full
+     */
+    public boolean addPlayer(String playerName, int maxPlayers) {
+        if (playerName == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        synchronized (playerNames) {
+            if (playerNames.contains(playerName)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            if (playerNames.size() >= maxPlayers) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            playerNames.add(playerName);
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public boolean removePlayer(String playerName) {
+        return playerNames.remove(playerName);
+    }
+
+    public void initGame(GameController controller) {
+        this.gameController = controller;
+    }
+
+    public GameController getGameController() {
+        return gameController;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Atomically add a player and, if the lobby reached {@code autoStartPlayers} and no game exists
+     * yet, create and start a game. The operation is synchronized on the internal player list to
+     * avoid races when multiple joins happen concurrently.
+     *
+     * @return {@link AddResult} indicating whether the player was added and if a game was started
+     */
+    public AddResult addPlayerAndMaybeStart(
+            String playerName, int maxPlayers, int autoStartPlayers, int defaultStartChips) {
+        if (playerName == null) {
+            return AddResult.NOT_ADDED;
+        }
+        synchronized (playerNames) {
+            if (playerNames.contains(playerName)) {
+                return AddResult.NOT_ADDED;
+            }
+            if (playerNames.size() >= maxPlayers) {
+                return AddResult.NOT_ADDED;
+            }
+            playerNames.add(playerName);
+
+            // If threshold reached and no game running, create and start game here
+            if (gameController == null && playerNames.size() == autoStartPlayers) {
+                try {
+                    GameState state = new GameState();
+                    GameEngine engine =
+                            new GameEngine(
+                                    state,
+                                    new RuleEngine(new ArrayList<>()),
+                                    new RoundManager(),
+                                    new TurnManager());
+                    GameController game = new GameController(engine);
+
+                    for (String p : playerNames) {
+                        game.addPlayer(PlayerId.of(p), defaultStartChips);
+                    }
+
+                    game.startGame();
+                    this.gameController = game;
+                    LOGGER.info(() -> "Auto-started game in lobby " + id.value());
+                    return AddResult.ADDED_AND_STARTED;
+                } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+                    LOGGER.log(Level.WARNING, "Auto-start failed for lobby " + id.value(), e);
+                    return AddResult.ADDED;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return AddResult.ADDED;
+        }
+    }
+}

src/main/java/ch/unibas/dmi/dbis/cs108/casono/server/domain/lobby/LobbyEventListener.java

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+package ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.domain.lobby;
+
+/** Listener interface for lobby lifecycle events. */
+public interface LobbyEventListener {
+    /** Called when a game is automatically started in the given lobby. */
+    void onGameStarted(LobbyId lobbyId);
+}

src/main/java/ch/unibas/dmi/dbis/cs108/casono/server/domain/lobby/LobbyId.java

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+package ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.domain.lobby;
+
+/** Typesafe wrapper for lobby IDs (1-8). */
+public record LobbyId(int value) {
+    public static LobbyId of(int value) {
+        return new LobbyId(value);
+    }
+}

src/main/java/ch/unibas/dmi/dbis/cs108/casono/server/domain/lobby/LobbyManager.java

@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+package ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.domain.lobby;
+
+import ch.unibas.dmi.dbis.cs108.casono.server.domain.lobby.Lobby.AddResult;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
+import java.util.logging.Logger;
+
+/** Manages dynamic creation of up to 8 lobbies and maps players to lobbies. */
+public class LobbyManager {
+    private static final int MAX_LOBBIES = 8;
+    private static final int DEFAULT_MAX_PLAYERS = 4;
+    private static final int AUTO_START_PLAYERS = 4;
+    private static final int DEFAULT_START_CHIPS = 20000;
+
+    private final Map<LobbyId, Lobby> activeLobbies = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+    private final Map<String, LobbyId> playerToLobby = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+    private final List<LobbyEventListener> listeners = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
+    private final int maxPlayersPerLobby;
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = Logger.getLogger(LobbyManager.class.getName());
+
+    public LobbyManager() {
+        this(DEFAULT_MAX_PLAYERS);
+    }
+
+    public LobbyManager(int maxPlayersPerLobby) {
+        this.maxPlayersPerLobby = maxPlayersPerLobby;
+    }
+
+    /** Create a new lobby with an automatic id (1..8). Returns null if none available. */
+    public synchronized LobbyId createNewLobby(String name) {
+        if (activeLobbies.size() >= MAX_LOBBIES) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        for (int i = 1; i <= MAX_LOBBIES; i++) {
+            LobbyId id = LobbyId.of(i);
+            if (!activeLobbies.containsKey(id)) {
+                Lobby lobby = new Lobby(id, name == null ? ("Room " + i) : name);
+                activeLobbies.put(id, lobby);
+                return id;
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    public Lobby getLobby(LobbyId id) {
+        if (id == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return activeLobbies.get(id);
+    }
+
+    public Lobby getLobbyByUsername(String username) {
+        LobbyId id = playerToLobby.get(username);
+        if (id == null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        return activeLobbies.get(id);
+    }
+
+    public boolean addPlayerToLobby(String username, LobbyId lobbyId) {
+        Lobby lobby = getLobby(lobbyId);
+        if (lobby == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        AddResult result =
+                lobby.addPlayerAndMaybeStart(
+                        username, maxPlayersPerLobby, AUTO_START_PLAYERS, DEFAULT_START_CHIPS);
+        if (result != AddResult.NOT_ADDED) {
+            playerToLobby.put(username, lobbyId);
+            if (result == AddResult.ADDED_AND_STARTED) {
+                LOGGER.info(
+                        () ->
+                                "Lobby "
+                                        + lobbyId.value()
+                                        + " reached "
+                                        + AUTO_START_PLAYERS
+                                        + " players; game started.");
+                notifyGameStarted(lobbyId);
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    public void addListener(LobbyEventListener listener) {
+        listeners.add(listener);
+    }
+
+    public void removeListener(LobbyEventListener listener) {
+        listeners.remove(listener);
+    }
+
+    private void notifyGameStarted(LobbyId lobbyId) {
+        for (LobbyEventListener l : listeners) {
+            try {
+                l.onGameStarted(lobbyId);
+            } catch (RuntimeException e) {
+                LOGGER.warning(
+                        () ->
+                                "Listener threw while handling game-start for lobby "
+                                        + lobbyId.value());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public boolean removePlayer(String username) {
+        LobbyId id = playerToLobby.remove(username);
+        if (id == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        Lobby lobby = activeLobbies.get(id);
+        if (lobby == null) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        boolean removed = lobby.removePlayer(username);
+        // If lobby becomes empty, remove it
+        if (lobby.getPlayerNames().isEmpty()) {
+            activeLobbies.remove(id);
+        }
+        return removed;
+    }
+
+    public Collection<Lobby> getAllLobbies() {
+        return activeLobbies.values();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Apply the given action to every player username in the lobby identified by {@code lobbyId}.
+     * This is a small helper that keeps iteration logic centralized and avoids leaking internal
+     * collections to callers.
+     */
+    public void broadcast(LobbyId lobbyId, java.util.function.Consumer<String> action) {
+        Lobby lobby = getLobby(lobbyId);
+        if (lobby == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+        for (String username : lobby.getPlayerNames()) {
+            action.accept(username);
+        }
+    }
+}